Unit 7: Encountering other cultures

about this tutorial...

This is one in a series of tutorials on intercultural communication. Anticipated completion time for this tutorial (not including reading chapter): approximately 40 minutes.

Learning Objectives

The objectives below can be achieved through working with the assigned readings, watching the presentations, doing the tutorial exercises, and posting to the discussion forums. Achievement of the objectives will be measured through the score achieved on the exercises (questions can be answered more than once), on the Blackboard quiz for this unit, and on the quality of contributions to the course discussion forums.

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By successfully completing this unit, students should be able to...

  • Define acculturation and different modes of acculturation
  • Explain the concept of "face"
  • Define facework and identify facework strategies
  • List and define different styles of conflict communication
  • Discuss factors that facilitate or hinder acculturation
  • Define and name the stages of culture shock
  • Discuss and give examples of cultural schemas
  • Discuss aspects of mediated cultural encounters

Key Concepts for this unit

Key Concepts (PDF)

UNIT OPENER: Documentary film clip - From Tenessee to Vietnam

This clip is taken from Daughter from Danang (2002) about a young woman (Heidi) born in Vietnam of an American father and Vietnamese mother, brought to the US at the end of the Vietnam War as part of Operation Babylift and adopted by an American woman from Tennessee. In her 20's she decides to return to Vietnam and seek out her birth mother.

First, watch the video (about 2 minutes long) below:

=> YouTube version

 

After watching the video, think about the following:

  1. What are some aspects of life in Vietnam shown here that would strike most Americans as different or even strange?

  2. What kinds of feelings is Heidi having?

  3. What does she want to do? Why?

  4. What does Heidi's translator reveal about Heidi's sense of the trip before coming to Vietnam?

  5. How do you suppose Heidi did for the rest of her trip to Vietnam?

 

Now, turn to the next page for comments.

UNIT OPENER: Comments and Analysis

1. What are some aspects of life in Vietnam shown here that would strike most Americans as different or even strange?Screen Shot 2012-07-20 at 9.06.31 PM.png

There are a variety of aspects of everyday Vietnamese life shown: animals in the street, water buffalo being herded, dead poultry on the handlebars of a motor scooter, a basket of frogs on the back of a bike, hand-pulled hearses. How people are dressed is quite different (conical straw hats, traditional ao dai - tight-fitting silk tunic worn over pants -, school uniforms). The film shows other scenes of life such as shopping, preparing food, and visiting markets that are new to Heidi. Her relatives speak almost no English and she speaks no Vietnamese. It's clearly a way of life worlds apart from what she is used to in her home town in Tennessee.

2. What kinds of feelings is Heidi having?

In this scene, after a few days in Vietnam, Heidi "feels like she's on another planet". When Heidi first arrived in Vietnam, her reaction was quite different. She was impressed with the affection among her family members. She said, "They may not have much here, but they do have love and unity. I'm kind of jealous of that." The family is poor but they share all they have and they are visibly overjoyed to have Heidi there for a visit. Subsequently, however, Heidi ventures out beyond her immediate family and encounters what is for her a strange and bewildering way of life. She left Vietnam when she was six and is fully acclimated to life in America.

3. What does she want to do? Why?

Screen Shot 2012-07-20 at 9.09.42 PM.png She wants to go back home: "I can not wait to get out of here". She wants to "escape this world" and go back to the way of life that is "comfortable to me". She is homesick and misses her family back in Tennessee. It is not only that everything around her is different, she is also feeling "suffocated" by the continual closeness and touching by all her relatives. Heidi is suffering from culture shock, the unsettling experience of feeling adrift in a foreign culture. The typical pattern of experiencing culture shock is like a U curve. You start on a high, as Heidi does, excited about being in a new and different environment. Then the profound differences in the way of life, the way in which all the routines of your everyday existence have been uprooted, your inability to communicate effectively, all lead to frustration, and, often, depression, sometimes even physical symptoms like headaches, upset stomach or insomnia - you've at the bottom of the U.

4. What does Heidi's translator reveal about Heidi's sense of the trip before coming to Vietnam?

The day before leaving for Vietnam, Heidi had told Tran Tuong Nhu, her translator, "Thank you for making my dreams come true." Heidi had been dreaming about how wonderful her visit to Vietnam and reunion with her family would be. However, she had done little to prepare for the trip. Tran Tuong Nhu was the first Vietnamese person she had encountered since leaving Danang. She knew nothing about the country and had learned only a few words of Vietnamese. One of the ways to combat culture shock is to be prepared, as much as possible, for the culture you will encounter, learning about its history, its institutions, its way of life, its language, etc.

5. How do you suppose Heidi did for the rest of her trip to Vietnam?

Tran Tuong Nhu tells Heidi that if she will stay longer, things will get better. In fact, this is the normal pattern for culture shock. If one is willing to keep at it, things do get better - you get used to the different ways of doing things, you meet people and make friends, you start to be able to do more with the language, you find other coping mechanisms. In short, you adapt to the new culture; that's the slant back up of the U curve. This, however, is not a universal or inevitable experience. In Heidi's case, she doesn't make it to this stage. She is too unprepared for the culture and too set in her ways to be able to adjust. Added to that, she is also upset that her Vietnamese family expects her to send back monthly checks to help out the family. She leaves Vietnam early.

What's the point of this unit's opener?

Adjusting to life in a different culture can be a difficult process. For those who go to a new culture for an extended period of time there is typically a period of acculturation - adjusting in one way or another to living in the new environment. Sometimes that results in new arrivals giving up their old way of life and assimilating completely into the new culture. In other cases the new arrivals live in a ghetto-like environment in which they continue more or less the same life they had before. Ideally, one integrates into the new culture, learning to function comfortably in the new language and customs, yet still maintains one's cultural heritage. To be able to acculturate successfully, one needs 1) some knowledge of the other culture, 2) the motivation to learn and adapt, and 3) the skills (verbal, non-verbal, social-psychological) necessary to function in the culture. Heidi has to some extent the motivation, but not much in the other areas.

READING

Reading in PDF format (for printing or viewing in new window)

 

PRESENTATION

=> YouTube version | View/print presentation outline

FURTHER RESOURCES

Acculturation

On travel and culture shock

Mediated encounters (journalism, books, Internet)

Personal stories

QUICK-CHECK EXERCISES

 Q1: When cultures meet... 

 Q2: Acculturative stress 

 Q3: Culture shock